In this article Dr. Boyd makes some sweeping statements that I cannot agree with. I do not think his 6 points stand when held against the light of Scripture. I also think that he is not choosing to hold “determinism” (as he uses the word) and “free will” in balance.
Why does he choose the word "determinism"? This brings a connotation of no true human - God interaction. Which then immediately is false and unbiblical bringing the "predetermination" view in an immediate "bad light".
He first states that a deterministic God is NOT love.
How does he define God’s love?
Is God’s wrath not a piece of His love? Why not?
Then: when God exercises His wrath is His love absent?
In Ezekiel 33:11 God declares, “’I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that the wicked turn from his way and live; turn back, turn back from your evil ways, for why will you die, O house of Israel?’”
And then we ask the question: How can any of us turn from our evil ways? Isaiah 64:6-8 – We are all dead in our iniquities. None of us turn to the Lord. All that we are is a work of the Lord.
Jeremiah 32:39 – the LORD will give them a new heart so they can make an everlasting covenant. All of Jeremiah is about this balance between God giving them opportunity to repent (His love and grace) while knowing that they will not repent, but He will save some – the remnant because He will choose to give those elect a new heart that can follow Him.
Psalm 14, Romans 3 also helps us to see that their unfaithfulness does not show the unfaithfulness of God to choose to act and save, but it reveals that He is justified in His words and that He prevails when He judges.
God HAS given us responsibility. He has determined what He will give us and we do have a responsibility within that stewardship. God is sovereign overall. If He has given to some man a hard heart – that is what God has determined for His own glory and that is good.
We are all condemned under the law. We are all given a responsibility to respond appropriately (in humility and with a heart of worship,) but where does this ability (to have faith) come from? God alone.
Can we create our righteousness? We are all as an unclean thing. We are all DEAD in our transgressions. Can the dead bring themselves back to life? God alone can give us salvation. God alone can awaken our souls.
By implication, then, this would have to mean that those He does not choose to soften, He chooses to harden. That would be in line with Romans 9 – Pharoah, Esau and Jacob, etc. In Acts it speaks of those who were APPOINTED to salvation believed. In John 17 Jesus speaks of those God has GIVEN to Him. He wasn’t praying for the whole world, but for those who believed in Him and those who would believe in Him.
2.) Chapter 9 is about individuals. Again, Boyd seems to be going to far to the opposite extreme. It is a “yes” and “yes”. Individuals are the ones that make up the nation. True, I don’t know if Esau went to hell or not (Hebrews seems to indicate that he did,) but the INDIVIDUALS are the ones that make up the nation. Why else would Paul be talking about Jacob and Esau and Pharoah? Paul Is writing to INDIVIDUALS. This is not just to demonstrate some historical point. (Besides, God never saved the WHOLE nation of Israel – Hebrews 3:16-19.) Again, that passage (as does the whole book,) points out the BALANCE between “determinism” and “free will”. There is an interaction between the predestination of God and our responsibility to correctly respond to what He has given us. With that God has written who we are and how we will act according to His purposes and plans and we cannot act outside of that. How this works is NOT explainable.
In point 2 Boyd even says that God will “choose whomever He wanted to choose.” Precisely. That is an individual and it’s who He wants.
Boyd also says, “Paul was not concerning himself with the eternal destinities of people. His concern was solely to show God’s sovereignty in electing people to a historical vocation.” Really?? Romans 9:1-5 and 10:1-4 – Paul is weeping over and praying for PEOPLE who make up a nation, but his focus seems to be on the PEOPLE themselves.
Again, I will come back to Paul is writing about both – the NATION as the ones who had the law, etc and the individuals. 10:5 is good for the individuals and 11 is good about the nations, but (again) Paul comes back to the individuals when he talks about how will they hear, believe, go preach, etc.
Also remember 9:14-18 – individuals.
11:19-24 demonstrates a good balance.
Boyd also brought up Jeremiah 18:1-4 and said that this demonstrates the potters flexibility. Why then does verse four end with, “as seemed good to the potter”?
God DOES interact with us. (Jesus is the biggest interaction demonstrated, of course). He especially interacts with those He has chosen – He disciplines, corrects, grows, provides the Spirit, etc, but this is all ACCORDING TO HIS WILL.
Jeremiah 11:4-11 – is declaring and demonstrating His grace and His goodness. But He knows and He is the only One who can allow us to repent.
Point 5 paragraph 3 I “agree with” until Boyd writes that God changes His mind. Coming to the Gentiles is in accordance with His plan as shown through out the Old Testament (Isaiah really comes to mind.) Our reactions that will happen are in accordance to His plan. He is not waiting for us to repent. He is not wondering whether or not we will repent or who will repent – He knows because He has already predestined us according to His will (Ephesians 1:5). Looking at Revelation, He has determined some who will experience His wrath. He has predestined those who will experience His mercy – this is all to demonstrate who He is – in order to bring Him glory. THAT is the good He has planned. That is so that all will be astounded by His love and for those of us who are chose we should be AMAZED and HUMBLED at what He has done and motivated all the MORE to go out and share the Gospel because we DO NOT KNOW who has been chosen, we DO NOT KNOW if (though we do have assurance of salvation,) if we are deceiving ourselves. We have been given a HUGELY GREAT stewardship and the knowledge of His predestination should motivate us to PRESS ON and work HARDER.
A huge issue I have in point 5 paragraph 6, “the people God chose to have mercy on are those who have faith…” Say WHAT?! So, when I was dead in my sin and wickedness I started seeking after Him and then He said, “OH! Look at how amazing Alicia is for choosing me! I will reach out and choose her. Good job, Alicia! You get salvation because you chose to have faith.”
Ahhh – that is IMPOSSIBLE. I was DEAD in my transgressions. (Ephesians 2) I was BLINDED in my sin (2nd Corinthians 1-5) The wickedness of my heart DECEIVED me. (Jeremiah 17:9) Whatever good that may work out of me is from God and the grace He has shown me.
NOW! I will say – that after salvation we do have that choice to press on.
I will also repeat myself to say that he has given us the responsibility to respond appropriately to salvation and to His “Godness”. If we choose to harden our hearts (as the Israelites did in the day of rebellion, and as Paul describes in Romans 1 and warns against throughout the letter,) we will receive strict judgment.
God is just even if He chooses.
God is love even if He chooses.
Why does His choice negate these things?
Are you too heavily influenced by the thoughts and definitions of man and human philosophy?
I know I was when I was battling this.
Can God be God if He did not choose?
Is what Boyd is saying even possible? – If God chose me because I showed faith, isn’t that salvation by works? Our works come AFTER salvation to PROVE our faith (James and Romans --- and the whole of the Bible.)
The covenant in the Old Testament was, “if you do good --- you will be blessed; if you do evil, you will be cursed.” But who enables us to do the good? Who hardened Pharoah’s heart? Who hardened the kings in Babylon? Who hardens and/or softens anyone’s heart?
Does the potter’s clay get to jump off the wheel? No. The potter can smash it however he wants. This Potter has made the clay and knows how He will use it and knows how He wants to use it. He DOES interact with us, but it is also in accordance with His will.
There is a balance. We cannot fully understand this balance, but accepting the balance pushes us to trust more in GOD and less (LESS!) in ourselves and our understanding.